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nonferrous metal
In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal which is not ferrous, including alloys, that does not contain iron in appreciable amounts. Generally more expensive than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g., aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g., copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g., zinc).〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Engineers Handbook )〕 Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys.
Important non-ferrous metals include aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin, titanium and zinc, and alloys such as brass. Precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum and exotic or rare metals such as cobalt, mercury, tungsten, beryllium, bismuth, cerium, cadmium, niobium, indium, gallium, germanium, lithium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, vanadium, and zirconium are also non-ferrous.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3348-metal-scrap-recycling.pdf )〕 They are usually obtained through minerals such as sulfides, carbonates, and silicates. Non-ferrous metals are usually refined through electrolysis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ilocis.org/documents/chpt82e.htm )〕
==Recycling and pollution control==
Due to its extensive use, non-ferrous scrap metal is usually recycled. The secondary materials in scrap are vital to the metallurgy industry, as the production of new metals often needs them.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bir.org/industry/non-ferrous-metals/ )〕 Some recycling facilities resmelt and recast non-ferrous materials; the dross is collected and stored onsite while the metal fumes are filtered and collected.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://publications.environment-agency.gov.uk/PDF/SCHO0195BJLM-E-E.pdf )〕 Non-ferrous scrap metals are sourced from industrial scrap materials, particle emissions and obsolete technology (for example, copper cables) scrap.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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